Export Promotion Council Essay Example

Export Promotion Council Essay aExport Promotion Council: the govt. has sponsored a no. of orgn which are specialized in a particular pdt or a grp of pdts amp; their main obj is to promote amp; strengthen exports of such pdt or grp of pdts. They are mainly concern with the problems with their export amp; implementation of export policy in this regard. The imp among them are the EPC’s amp; commodity board. With a view to securing active cooperation of growers, producers amp; exporters in the drive for export promotion, a no of export promotion council has been set up as a non-profit org’s under the Companies Act. All the exporters of pdts coming under the council are entitled to become the members of the council if they wish to claim export incentive amp; assistance provided by the council as per govt policy in force. The govt provides grants under various heads of these councils. Members are charged an annual subscription fee for the service rendered by the council. The members of the council elect a working committee when it elects its chairman amp; other office bearer. All problems amp; policies relating to the exports of the pdts coming under the council are discussed by the working committee amp; the necessary action taken. We will write a custom essay sample on Export Promotion Council specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Export Promotion Council specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Export Promotion Council specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The govt also appoints senior officials to act on working committee amp; guide its deliberations. (i) to assist exporter, (ii) export promotional activities, (iii) delegations of foreign countries, (iv) effective liaison, (v) presenting necessary data to the govt, (vi) foreign offices to help exporters. Thus, the EPC looks after the problems of exports in specific commodities amp; advice the govt, the local authorities amp; public bodies on the policies to be pursued and the steps to be taken to expand the export activities. Economic Integration:  refers to trade unification between different states by the partial or full abolishing of customs tariffs on trade taking place within the borders of each state. This is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers (as no customs duties are paid within the integrated area) and the goal is to increase trade. The trade stimulation effects intended by means of economic integration are part of the contemporary economic  Theory of the Second Best: where, in theory, the best option is  free trade, with  free competition  and no  trade barriers  whatsoever. Free trade is treated as an idealistic option, and although realized within certain developed states, economic integration has been thought of as the second best option for global trade where barriers to full free trade exist. An increase of  welfare  has been recognized as a main objective of economic integration. The increase of trade between member states of economic unions is meant to lead to the increase of the GDP of its members, and hence, to better welfare a goal of any state around the world. This is one of the reasons for the global scale development of economic integration, a phenomenon now realized in continental (ASEAN, the  North American Free Trade Agreement  (NAFTA),  SACN,  European Union  (EU),  Eurasian Economic Community  (EurAsEC) and proposed for intercontinental (Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia  (CEPEA),  Transatlantic Free Trade Area  (TAFTA))  economic blocks. The other objective for the states pursuing economic integration is to stay/become regionally and globally competitive, as the goods in the states outside economic blocks become more expensive (i. . , less competitive). This is the other reason making global economic integration inevitable. FORMS OF INTEGRATION: These differ in the degree of unification of economic policies, with the highest one being the political union of the states. (i) FTA (free trade area) : is formed when at least two states partially or fully abolish custom tariffs on their inner border. To exclude regional exploitation of zero tariffs within the FTA there is a rule of  certificate of origin  for the goods originating from the territory of a member state of an FTA. ii) Customs union: A  customs union  is a type of  trade bloc  which is composed of a  free trade area  with a  common external tariff. The participant countries set up common  external trade  policy, but in some cases they use different import  quotas. Common  competition policy  is also helpful to avoid  competition  deficiency. Purposes for establishing a customs union normally include increasing  economic efficiency  and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries . It is the third stage of  economic integration. Customs union is established through  trade pact. In a customs union, all trade barriers between the member nations are removed like a free trade area. But unlike a free trade area, the member nations of a customs union follow a common external trade policy with regards to the non member nations. For example, the Andean Pact, which came into existence in 1969 and currently consist of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, could be treated as an example of customs union. The group has tried to remove all the intra trade barriers and has imposed a common tariff of 5 to 20 % on products imported from non member nations. (iii) Common Market: is a step ahead of customs union as far as integration of economies is concerned. In a common market, all the trade barriers between member nations are removed; the member nations follow a common external trade policy with regards to the non member nations; and a free flow of factors of production – labour and capital, is allowed within the common market area. One of the successful examples of common market is the European Union. (i) Economic Union: An  economic union  is a type of  trade bloc  which is composed of a  common market  with a  customs union. The participant countries have both common policies on product regulation,  freedom of movement  of  goods,  services  and the  factors of production  (capital  and  labour) and a common  external trade  policy. Purposes for establishing a economic union normally include increasing  economic efficiency  and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. Economic union is established through  trade pact. (ii) Political Union : A political union goes beyond the total economic integration of the member nations. In it, all the economic policies of the member nations are unified or are in harmonization with each other under a single government , The EU is on the path of political union as it has come out with a European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of Minister, the European commission and the European Court of Justice

Without Seeing The Dawn essays

Without Seeing The Dawn essays The story starts by describing the main character, Carding. At age eighteen, he had been fully grown as a very strong man. As the only son of Juan Suerte, he helps his father plow the land that they are tending to form their landlord Don Diego. As they lived in one of the suburbs of Iloilo, a barrio named Manhayang in the town of Santa Barbara. They lived a simple life, pasture the carabao and plow the land. Carding as a young lad usually goes out to the river and the field with his cousin Gondong along with their friends Polo, Ruben, Poncing, Isko and Intong. During that old times, the sons are the ones who help their fathers toil the land because farming is their main source of income. While the women stays at home doing household chores along with their daughters. Carding is a favored suitor of Lucia aka Lucing. Lucing is the beautiful daughter of Teniente Paul, the barangay chief of Manhayang. Lucia holds the beauty title as Ms. Barangay Fiesta. Many young men admire s Lucia, but Carding won her heart. One night, Carding talked to his father about getting married. At first his father disagreed because Tatay Juan, wants Carding to finish his studies. But since Carding changed his mind, Tata Juan supported his decision. He wants to marry Lucia, so they planned to ask for Lucias hand with the help of other advocates, Manong Marcelo the school teacher and Inday Picat the fat old maid who were once a school teacher also. So one night they went to Teniente Pauls house so as to discuss about the wedding. At first Teniente Paul is hesitant to decide. If he is going to let Lucia marry Carding or not. But since Tatay Juan and Carding are willing to agree in the terms and condition of Teniente Paul, the wedding will push through. If Teneinte Paul doesnt allow Lucia to marry him, he will carry away Lucia just to prove his unconditional love. The agreement was, Carding will build a house seven meteres ...

SQL Injection Vulnerabilities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SQL Injection Vulnerabilities - Research Paper Example Exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities enables an attacker to persistently foist dynamic and storage page content generation that would include malicious code in the attacked site. The visitors to the site may thus be redirected to malicious sites. The SQL injection attack vectors are represented by data passed to the vulnerable web application from the user and which is processed by supporting database. Practically, the most common SQL injection attack vectors arise from the data transmitted through HTTP POST and HTTP GET. Other attack vectors are HTTP User-Agent, HTTP cookie data, and Referer header values. The exploitation of some SQL injection vulnerabilities can be effected through the authentication of unprivileged user accounts, all of which depends on where the application fails in the sanitization of the input. This means that the sites that readily and easily allow the users to create new accounts hold additional risks. The automatic detection of the vulnerabilities of th e SQL injections depends on the heuristics of the behavior of the target application in responding to the specially crafted queries. The techniques involved in the detection heuristics are classified into three categories. The Boolean-based blind SQL injection which includes the supply of multiple valid statements that bears evaluation to true or false in the affected area at the request of HTTP. Through the comparison of the response page between both situations, the success of the injection can be inferred by the tool.